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The Wild Things by Dave Eggers (2009)

The Wild Things by Dave Eggers (2009)It’s quite an interesting situation to be in, to have your childhood nostalgia repackaged and remarketed to you as a twenty-something reader. It’s not even an authentic nostalgia, as a kid I wasn’t really much of a fan of Maurice Sendak’s Where the Wild Things Are. I liked it, sure, but I wasn’t obsessed. (Tintin, Commander Keen, medical dictionaries, Corey Feldman – now those were my obsessions.) I know that Sendak’s iconic picture book holds a unique status among my generation but I’m not sure how much of that stems from reading it as a kid or rediscovering it as a slightly older than the targeted age group. With the release of the film version last year, Dave Eggers, who also collaborated on the screenplay, wrote a novelization, The Wild Things, of his film script based on Sendak’s picture book.

When considering the figures involved in the film and associated products, this book included, it’s not hard to see who was the real market: film directed by Spike Jonze, known for his cult films Being John Malkovich and Adaptation and music videos, co-written by Dave Eggers of McSweeney’s and A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius fame and soundtracked by Karen O of the Yeah Yeah Yeahs. Is it as simple as pulling together a few generational icons to repackage a cultural artefact to an older market?

One might think that a boy who was out in the snow for so long would get cold, but Max was not. He was warm, partly because he had on many layers, and partly because boys who are one part wolf and part wind do not get cold.

The Wild Things introduces us, once again, to Max, a product of divorce and television, trying to adapt to his mother’s new boyfriend and his older sister’s change in attitude. This first section of the novel returns us to the boredom of childhood, of being slightly outside understanding and being of the adult world. Max doesn’t fully comprehend the world outside of what it means for him, considering things only so far as according to how they effect him. In a plain, yet engaging, style, Eggers captures the focus and energy of beiing a kid, the moments of great certainty, as well as frightening uncertainty.

Max misbehaves. He floods his sister’s bedroom as revenge for ruining his igloo. He bites his mother for trying to control him. And then he runs away, and after many days and many nights of sailing, finds himself in a land among the wild things. I do like that Eggers doesn’t give us any explanation, that we’re left to our own devices to draw our own conclusions, if we even want to. As he claims his royal right over the group of wild things, he learns about responsibility for others, the repercussions of personal failure. It is an updated, modern fable, but – and maybe this is a sign of losing touch with my own “wild thing” – ultimately I preferred the real world aspects of the novel, the acknowledgement and exploration of the subtle trauma of being young and negotiating the world.

So he had a choice. Would he stay behind the curtain and think about things, marinate in his own confusion, or would he put on his white fur suit and howl and scratch and make it known who was boss of this house and all of the world known and unknown.

Despite Eggers’ admirably sincere writing style and his ability to capture the nuances of childhood boredom, The Wild Things reads too much like the film – both visually and the characters themselves. It is easy to be cynical about the circumstances of the novel’s production, but The Wild Things, as a novel, does seem extraneous.

The Accidental Billionaires: Sex, Money, Betrayal and the Founding of Facebook by Ben Mezrich (2009)

The Accidental Billionaires: Sex, Money, Betrayal and the Founding of Facebook by Ben Mezrich (2009)Context, as they say, is everything. If I had picked Ben Mezrich’s The Accidental Billionaires: Sex, Money, Betrayal and the Founding of Facebook outside of the 24 Hour Readathon, I’m not sure I would have read more than a couple of chapters before setting it aside. As it is though, during the long stretches of sustained reading of the Readathon, The Accidental Billionaires provided a reasonably engaging, though highly problematic, read. Billed as non-fiction, The Accidental Billionaires is written in a curious style Mezrich claims is a “dramatic narrative account of real events.” This approach is effective only if you’re not after hard facts, dates, numbers and an unbiased perspective.

The story behind Facebook’s creation is rife with, not quite the betrayal suggested by the title, but human drama based on greed and perceived injustice. From all night coding sessions in dorm rooms to business deals agreed upon over pizza, The Accidental Billionaires presents its cast as the unlikeliest to succeed. Only, as we know, they do and in a way that could not have been anticipated. The ascent from computer geekery to billions of dollars being thrown at Zuckerberg and company is astounding. Amidst Zuckerberg’s success though, there are those that demand their cut of the profits – Eduardo Saverin, a founding investor, and the Winklevoss twins, who made moves to collaborate with Zuckerberg on a networking project of their own.

They were jocks from a wealthy, tony family. Mark was a nebbishy geek who had hacked his way to stardom. This was a class battle the journalists couldn’t ignore: rich, priviliged kids who believed the establishment existed to protect their rights against a hacker who had been willing to break the rules. Honor code vs. hackers code.

The Accidental Billionaires reads like (poorly written) fiction, and it is difficult to know – with so many voices chiming in, but for the conspicuous absence of key player Mark Zuckerberg – what happened and what was perceived to have happened. Especially as so many of Mezrich’s sources are the very same people who sued Zuckerberg, it’s hard not to read this as their way of getting their own back. The flowery prose stretches far beyond Mezrich’s talents, and I’m not quite sure of the motivation for writing this particular story in such a manner.

Another aspects of The Accidental Billionaires that made me uncomfortable was the portrayal and absence of female figures and I’m not quite sure how to approach this issue. Women don’t play a role in this story beyond that of sex objects, things to be viewed, rated and compared. Sure, they serve as the original inspiration for Facebook, and the original inception of the site  serves the function of this rating and comparison of appearances, and once the boys find success, the girls come a-running. It is worrying that individuals in possession of such intelligence, whether it be business or programming prowess, so easily buy into this idea of voyeurism and objectification. But then, the tentative factual accuracy of The Accidental Billionaires calls all this into question. Intended as piece of non-fiction, the author can claim to merely be presenting the facts, as it happened, and to have no role in the perpetuation of a sexist ideology. However, while our male heroes and villains are described in Mezrich’s bombastic prose, every woman who appears – visually only, never playing a substantial role – is described as, invariably, “hot”. That’s not even getting into the excessive exoticization of Asian women. Like I said, I’m not sure I have an appropriate framework to properly critique this, but I found it distasteful and troubling.

The Accidental Billionaires offers little analysis or critique of the activities of those involved or the effect Facebook, and social networking in general, has had on our culture and presents the story of the foundation of Facebook with an obvious bias. That said, the human drama, the battle between privilege and hard work, the always interesting aspects of sex, fame, money and business, make this version of the story behind Facebook compelling enough. However, this may end up being one of the very few instances where the film adaptation, The Social Network, ends up being an improvement on the book.

Monday Mini-Reviews: 3.14159, grammar & gossip girls

For a number of books I’ve been reading lately I can’t really justify writing an entire review length post on them, regardless of liking them or not. Here are a few shorter than usual reviews of some of those books.

As Easy As Pi: Stuff About Numbers That Isn't (Just) Maths by Jamie Buchan (2009)As Easy As Pi: Stuff About Numbers That Isn’t (Just) Maths by Jamie Buchan (2009)

Jamie Buchan’s As Easy As Pi is an accessible introduction to the curiousities of the world of numbers, even for certified math tards like me! This book looks at the cultural origins of certain numerical phrases (such as “the third degree” or “at sixes and sevens”), numbers in fiction (film and literature), in culture, in religion and mythology. It did get a little too complicated for me when discussing the use of numbers in maths and science, but I think I gleaned enough from Buchan’s clear, non-technical writing. One particular, though there were many others, discovery that interested me was the connection made between the Holy Trinity and the superstition regarding walking under ladders , thus breaking the triangle, invading the trinity. I hadn’t heard that theory before. As well as shortcut tricks on surmising divisibility, and lots of intriguing trivia about the numbers we use everyday, As Easy As Pi may not have much for the mathematically inclined, but for the bewildered and clueless, it is a friendly and approachable introduction.

My Grammar and I (Or Should That Be 'Me'?): Old-School Ways to Sharpen Your English by Caroline Taggart and J.A. Wines (2009)My Grammar and I (Or Should That Be ‘Me’?): Old-School Ways to Sharpen Your English by Caroline Taggart and J.A. Wines (2009)

My Grammar and I is a useful little guide to grammar, while not plumbing the depths of grammatical rules and syntax it gives a comprehensive enough overview to provide a working knowledge of the rules. Though there are surely more exhaustive and authoritative grammar guides out there, this would be a valuable reference guide to have at hand for minor grammatical quibbles. Clever mnemonics tricks and a cheekily humourous approach to the topic help to make this grammar guide a fun and unintimidating read.

All I Want Is Everything (Gossip Girl #3) by Cecily von Ziegesar (2003)All I Want Is Everything (Gossip Girl #3) by Cecily von Ziegesar (2003)

There are so many obvious problems with the Gossip Girl series – the constant label name dropping, the lack of parental supervision, the endless amounts of cash splashed around, the tabloid like surveillance of the fractured group – but to pick on these feels like shooting for the easiest target. Despite these issues, I continue picking up the series when I need a mindless bit of escapism. I feel like all my previous Gossip Girl reviews are attempts at justifying my reasons for reading them, but I don’t do this for other books, so why this? Anyway, after the comparatively everyday issues explored in book two, You Know You Love Me (college applications, break ups, new relationships), All I Want Is Everything returns to the world of impossibly successful charity balls organized by teenagers, parties with rockstars, and exotic resorts. Completely unbelievable, but compulsively readable. I found it a little disturbing that Dan views the female characters close to him so easily as “sluts” – and that a poem inspired by this is published by the New Yorker (see what I mean about the lack of believability?). Blair is still a manipulative bitch, Serena is the carefree party girl, Nate is the dopey stoner, and Jenny, well, Jenny’s main characteristics still seem to be her large breasts and curly hair. You know what to expect from this series, and All I Want Is Everything delivers on these expectations, however low they are.

Monday Mini-Reviews: crimefighters, bookshelves & a certain je ne sais quoi

For a number of books I’ve been reading lately I can’t really justify writing an entire review length post on them, regardless of liking them or not. Here are a few shorter than usual reviews of some of those books.

The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen: Century: 1910 by Alan Moore and Kevin O'Neill (2009)The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen: Century: 1910 by Alan Moore and Kevin O’Neill (2009)

I should have waited until I’d read the Black Dossier before diving into Century: 1910, as it dives straight into the newest incarnation of the League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, a few years after the end of Volume Two (which you may recall I loved the ending of, I felt it offered complete closure thus making it difficult to understand the reason for continuing the series.) The literary characters that make up this version of the League, still led by Mina Murray, are more obscure than those in Volume One & Two which is a bit alienating. Here they appear with none of the rich back stories of the earlier League, which makes me feel like the Black Dossier must be a necessary link between the two. Nonetheless, the story of Century: 1910 is as exciting as we’d expect from Moore and O’Neill’s League. Captain Nemo’s daughter escapes to London against her dying father’s wishes and is viciously raped (as most female characters are in this series), and seeks her vengeance by succeeding her father’s post as the captain of the Nautilus and unleashing hoards of violent pirates ahead of the coronation. There are occult secrets, song and some inter-League feuds, but Century: 1910 seems undernourished compared to the narrative strengths of Volume One & Two.

Books Do Furnish a Room by Leslie Geddes-Brown (2009)Books Do Furnish a Room by Leslie Geddes-Brown (2009)

Though I enjoy books and well stocked bookshelves, I don’t think that that Books do Furnish a Room is really aimed at the book lover. There is lots of advice on what books to keep in different rooms and how to store them, but the advice on what particular types of books to keep in the guest rooms of your house felt particularly out of reach. This is not so much an exploration of the love of books and how, or why, we keep them in our homes, but rather looking at books serving a decorative purpose. There are lots of gorgeous pictures of bookshelves, some of them featuring some astounding design, but mostly unpractical and completely unattainable for those who do not live in converted barnhouses. Even the erratically placed books seem like they were done artfully, with design and aesthetic in mind. You’re likely to find more practical and realistic ideas on flickr or tumblr, try Bookshelf Porn or Bookshelves instead.

A Certain Je Ne Sais Quoi: Words We Pinched From Other Languages by Chloe Rhodes (2009)A Certain Je Ne Sais Quoi: Words We Pinched From Other Languages by Chloe Rhodes (2009)

I have been coveting this series of books in the bookstore for a long time, they feature a lovely nostalgic design, sturdy hard covers, and nerdy themes. Alas, working in a bookstore doesn’t mean that I get to sit around reading books all day (true fact!), so when I saw A Certain Je Ne Sais Quoi on the shelf at the library I couldn’t resist. It is an interesting, if short, reference guide to how foreign words and phrases, some familiar and some not so, made their way into the English language. Rhodes traces each phrase from their foreign root words and the historical contexts which may have lead to their adoption into English. Illustrated by example sentences and cartoons, A Certain Je Ne Sais Quoi is brief look at the etymology of foreign phrases but I’m not sure how much of it I will retain. Nerdy wordy fact du jour: did you know that the word LOOT came from the Hindi word “lut” meaning to plunder?

Watchmen and Philosophy: A Rorschach Test edited by Mark D. White (2009)

Watchmen and Philosophy: A Rorschach Test edited by Mark D. WhiteI love Watchmen, it is up there as one of my favourite books. Not one of my favourite graphic novels, but this re-imagined past populated by retired costumed heroes is one of my favourite stories ever. I think it comes down to not only the quality of the storytelling, the philosophical implications of the story, and the artwork, but also the time of my life that I discovered it. I’ll save divulging that sad sorry story for another time, but of all the titles in the Blackwell Philosophy and Pop Culture series, Watchmen seems the most deserving of in-depth philosophical enquiry.

Watchmen and Philosophy: A Rorschach Test collects a number of different essays exploring the Watchmen universe and how it relates to different philosophical theories and concepts, from the problem Dr. Manhattan’s morality, to the feminism of the Silk Spectres, to the Kierkegaardian humour in Rorschach and The Comedian. It seems a little ironic that a graphic novel that is so intent on questioning all forms of authority and power has been given a treatment which relies solely on “legitimate” ways of analysis. The problem here being that all of the discussions, all of the issues raised in these essays seem implicit in Watchmen itself, so eloquently explored through the graphic medium, character and themes that these essays seem, well, a little extraneous.

Familiarity with the Watchmen universe will help the uninitiated wrangle with the philosophical jargon and get to what the writers are trying to get across, but other than a few moments of “hey, I never thought of it that way!”, there’s not much that isn’t, in some way, already evident within Watchmen. There are some interesting discussions about the morality of different characters and the virtues of different philosophical ethical motivations, but the most engaging essays are those which operate on more of a cultural level. Only one of the essays seemed utterly pointless, an attempt at an ironic (I think?) exploration of homosexuality within Watchmen which reiterated all the usual hateful arguments and came across as immature and repulsive. The argument may have been well intentioned, but the approach was completely off.

There is a tendency in the essays to rely on the more philosophically and ethically complex characters of Rorschach, Dr. Manhattan and Ozymandias, but other characters do get a minor look in. Watchmen offers an obviously hyper-real version of our own reality, giving a heightened story through which to ask questions about identity, change, time and space. However, most of these essays use Watchmen to highlight and elaborate particular concepts rather than using the concepts to illuminate Watchmen. Watchmen and Philosophy: A Rorschach Test is one for die-hard Watchmen fans only.

Columbine by Dave Cullen (2009)

Columbine by Dave Cullen (2009)Chances are you remember the footage. The two figures clutching guns stalking the abandoned school cafeteria, the frightened students outside. More likely you remember how Columbine came to mean so much more than just a high school massacre, it incited debate about gun legislation and the availability of weapons, bullying, subcultures, violent movies, music, parental responsibility, school security, antidepressants, religion. In his astoundingly powerful Columbine Dave Cullen painstakingly reconstructs April 20th, 1999, when Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold stormed their high school and killed 12 students, 1 teacher, and injured over twenty others before committing suicide; Cullen also looks at the aftermath of the massacre, and questions everything we think we know and believe about Columbine.

Cullen opens his report with coverage of the weekend leading up to the massacre. He outlines the things Eric and Dylan did that weekend – not so much the meticulous and obsessive planning and preparation – but the everyday, teenage routines. Dylan went to prom, Eric received a promotion at the pizza joint they worked at, their interests, activities, personalities, emotions, their strengths and weaknesses, their family and active social lives. Cullen creates portraits of these boys which, disturbing as it may be to some, humanizes them. Rather than using the tired “monster” image, Cullen looks at them as humans. This, I think, is effective in raising questions about motivations and reasoning. Despite their heinous crimes, dismissing their actions as those of monsters or evil is just a way of avoiding confrontation and fear that two average, suburban teenage boys did this. It shifts responsibility away from them as individuals and on to society, culture, whatever – which doubtlessly played a role, but it takes a lot of strength to look into the darker parts of the human psyche to try and see what really caused them to kill.

We remember Columbine as a pair of outcasts Goths from the Trench Coat Mafia snapping and tearing through their high school hunting down jocks to settle a long-standing feud. Almost none of that happened. No Goths, no outcasts, nobody snapping. No targets, no feud, and no Trench Coat Mafia. Most of these elements existed at Columbine – which is what gave them such currency. They just had nothing to do with the murders. The lesser myths are equally unsupported: no connection to Marilyn Manson, Hitler’s birthday, minorities or Christians.
Few people knowledgeable about the case believe those myths anymore. Not reporters, investigators, families of the victims, or their legal teams. And yet most of the public takes them for granted. Why?

It is somewhat confronting to realize how deeply the myths about Columbine – the supposed outcast and bullied victim status of Dylan and Eric, the trenchcoats, etc.- run, primarily thanks to saturated media coverage. Cullen never resorts to conspiratorial theories about why the media so openly propagated these myths, and instead offers a sound reasoning as to how and why these stories took hold. He is careful to never lay blame on the victims or the witnesses, but is unrepetent on the media which used the testimonies of unreliable witnesses – being that their horribly traumatic experiences – without question. Of course the brain and memory functions differently in such high-stress situations, and yet the media took these accounts, even off the cuff remarks as absolute truths. His ruthless attitude toward the abused responsibility and power of the media seems to be, at least in part, a redemptive act – making up for mistakes he may have made in his original reporting on the situation. It’s interesting to consider the delay in the relay of information – local papers would print information one day and it would filter out to more national outlets the following day – and how today’s faster dissemination of information and news could leave it prone to further mistakes. Even the martyrdom of Cassie Bernall (who it was originally claimed was asked if she believed in God by Eric, she said yes and he shot her. This has since been disproved – although another student did have this exchange with Eric, she survived.) survives due to the infiltration of false information. Here however, it was used – effectively – by the religious sector to further their own cause, as though we were so desperate for a symbol of hope in amongst all the horror than even one based on misinformation would do. Nonetheless, Cullen provides a powerful symbol of hope in the figure of Patrick Ireland, shot multiple times and escaped from the school via the library window, Cullen takes us through Ireland’s painful recovery process and forgiveness, through to Patrick overcoming his physical ailments and dancing at his wedding.

The uncovering of Eric and Dylan’s previous arrests, search warrants, threats of violence, violent stories seems to have been strangely covered up, Cullen discusses these criminal histories not so much to shift the blame or to show where the Columbine attack could have been prevented, but who these boys were, what happened in the lead up to April 20. An FBI investigator deems that Eric was a psychopath – he used violence for pure enjoyment and to demonstrate his superiority; Dylan was a depressive who was willingly roped into Eric’s plans. This distinct lack of motive is what drives the curiousity and continuing search for answers, and perhaps is the most frightening aspect of the whole saga: it seems we cannot accept that there may never have been a logical reason behind their acts, so we keep looking for scapegoats, easy answers, for someone or something to blame.

Dave Cullen so effectively erases his own authorial voice that it is very easy to accept everything he writes as the definitive version of the massacre, and yet so much remains unanswered and contradictory. I still feel like it is important to note that despite his indepth research, conjecture and consultation with experts on the case, it is still only one journalists interpretation of events. The only two people who could ever answer the many questions their actions raised died that afternoon in the library, but Cullen does an stellar job of debunking the myths and tracing the boys’ evolution from high school kids to mass murderers. The book trailer on youtube features Dave Cullen speaking about the book and makes me want to read Columbine again. This story will get inside your head, it’s intense, frightening and confronting but absolutely necessary.

Hollywood Ending by Kathy Charles (2009)

Hollywood Ending by Kathy Charles (2009)I loved Kathy Charles’ Hollywood Ending. I just wanted to say it up front so that you know what to expect for the next 500 words. When I was writing my undergraduate thesis, I would always get strange looks when I answered inquiring minds who wanted to know what my thesis was about. Death. Two years spent writing, watching films, reading and thinking about death. Although it was a brief look into the frustratingly ignored area of the combination of youth and death in teen cinema, it was also an attempt to come to terms with my own anxiety about death and loss. So yeah, you could say that I seriously over-identified with the death-obsessed protagonist of Hollywood Ending.

Hilda and her best friend Benji are on their summer holidays, and are spending their extra free time seeking out the locations and gathering mementos from the places in Los Angeles where celebrities have died. Their morbid obsession leads them to a Bukowski-esque old man, Hank, who lives in an apartment where a silent movie star (based on Lou Tellegen) fatally stabbed himself with a pair of scissors. Hilda is increasingly drawn to the reclusive and mysterious Hank, while her friendship with Benji deteriorates as he becomes disturbingly more involved in his obsession with death.

‘I read an interesting theory the otherday,’ Benji continued. ‘Some religions believe that when we die we are reincarnated, and some souls just aren’t ready to come back. They haven’t dealt with all the things in their past life and they aren’t at peace, and when they come back into the world they can’t handle it. People who are crazy or killers are souls that weren’t ready to come back, and just can’t adjust to the world again. It’s the same with suicides.’
‘So suicides are lost souls?’ I asked. Benji didn’t look at me.
‘I don’t know. That’s just what I read.’

What I love about this novel is that this obsession is never portrayed or treated as bizarre or sick. Some of the other characters comment on how odd it is for a young girl to be so obsessed by mortality, but there is never any serious judgement regarding their hobby. The inclusion of real life death stories of celebrities gives Hollywood Ending a necessary pop cultural background (and propels the reader toward further investigation), but sometimes the incessant name dropping does seem to be a tactic to prove to the reader, and the characters to each other, just how hip they are – however, it didn’t grate as much as it usually would as it seemed to aid the development and understanding of the characters. The fact that Benji wears a Nine Inch Nails t-shirt while investigating Cielo Drive, the site of the Manson family murder of Sharon Tate and others – Nine Inch Nails frontman Trent Reznor owned the property and recording an EP and an album there in the early 1990s – suggests that there is another level of awareness that this constant referencing is working on.

For some people this unpleasant image would have been enough, but I wanted more. I wanted to see the autopsy photos: the incisions made by the coroner’s blade, the thick, careless stitches that left the deceased looking like Frankenstein’s monster. But what I wanted to see most was an image from the inner sanctum: the photographs of Belushi lying dead in his hotel bed, his naked body seeping gas and fluid onto the sheets. This was the money shot, the point of impact where life abruptly ended. To see how a celebrity looked at the very moment of passing, that mysterious instant where life just stopped. That was what I lived for.

The friendship between Hilda and Benji – particularly Benji’s descent into disconnection from the reality of life – could have been explored more deeply (why, for instance, despite the disturbing and extreme changes  in his behaviour – gravedigging, the fish experiments, visiting the morgue to look at corpses – does Hilda sleep with Benji? At the same time knowing that she is being dishonest with him?) but the relationship between Hank and Hilda was more than complex enough to keep me engaged. The introduction of Jake, Hank’s screenwriter neighbour, offered an interesting perspective on surveillance of people – mirroring the Hollywood tabloid obsession with celebrities. When Hilda discovers that Jake has been listening in on her private conversations with Hank, and using them as screenplay fodder, she is horrified by his breach of her privacy. And yet, isn’t her fascination with the lives and deaths of celebrities (and even Hank) operating on the same premise?

Nonetheless, I really, really loved Hollywood Ending. I loved the themes, I loved the writing, I loved the characters. I don’t know how else to say it without becoming redundant. Much more than morbid teenagers fascinated by Hollywood deaths, Hollywood Ending is a life-affirming look at the possibility of moving forward and moving beyond the pains of the past.

Note: Hollywood Ending is being re-titled and released in the United States as John Belushi is Dead, published by MTV Books, ISBN: 9781439187593.

[If you too are interested in the Hollywood and celebrity death scene, I highly recommend Kathy Charles' blog - although be very aware that you may come away from it with a reading list as long as your arm. Lord knows I need more books to read like a hole in the head/scissors through the chest/bottle cap lodged in my throat.]

Butterfly by Sonya Hartnett (2009)

Butterfly by Sonya Hartnett (2009)Plum Coyle is nearing fourteen, on the cusp of adolescence and experiencing all the physical awkwardness and turbulent emotions we associate with that age. She becomes friends with the beautiful, married woman next door, Maureen Wilks, who is also having an affair with Plum’s oldest and cherished brother, Justin. Maureen treats Plum with the respect she believes she deserves, listens to and understands her teenage complaints, compliments her, makes her feel safe and wanted. Her family, her parents and her two older brothers, share a sense of unspoken melancholy, a sadness that Plum longs to avoid. The family relationships – especially between Plum and her brothers Justin and Cydar – are so well-written, full of the playful teasings and silent affection. Justin and Cydar are great characters, I would have loved to know more about them – especially the mysterious, perpetually stoned brother Cydar – but essentially Butterfly is Plum’s story.

Plum Coyle has never been very happy with herself – she’s chumpish and she’s awkward and there’s something else wrong about her, some objectionable streak to her nature which means she’ll never be popular, things will go askew, she’ll frequently be misinterpreted. In her heart there are many admirable things, but it’s hard for these to wriggle through her thick skin of obtuseness. She’s tried and tried to be, for the world, the person she knows herself to be. She can’t do it though, it’s impossible. Time and again, that good person gets twisted about, or goes unrecognized. It’s exhausting, and it hurts.

Sonya Hartnett’s language is so evocative and precise, the dreamy imagery never straying too far from grounded reality. The friendship between Plum and her friends, their schoolyard gossiping and subtle actions are filtered through Plum’s understanding of them, there is meaning in their small gestures. Eventually these gestures become the grotesque and unsubtle cruelties of young girls at war with each other. The ear-piercing saga and her friends willingness to inflict physical pain on Plum is painful to read. Maureen, as always, is on hand to soothe Plum, offering the guidance of an adult while at the same time the close female friendship that Plum desires. At Plum’s fourteenth birthday party, the friends (and the reader) discover the totemic items Plum worships and uses for strength, trinkets and their stories having been stolen from the other girls. They shun her, deserting Plum to her shame. She steals these useless objects in order to feel closer to the girls, while knowing that she doesn’t like them much – the crux of her schoolyard friendships being the desire to belong. That is what Hartnett taps into so well with her writing in Butterfly, that unrelentingly painful need to belong, the search for a place to fit.

The words force the friends to the floor, six dissolving witches. They laugh because they’re sure they know everything able to be known and life holds no further mystery for them, not even about things they haven’t yet known and will not know for years – first touch, first defeat, nights shared, days forgotten, mistakes made, words unsaid, the saying of too many words. The heaviness of success, the grey valleys of loss, the clay feet of love, the greediness of time. Plum laughs because she can, it is so extremely funny; and because when they’re laughing at Caroline they are not laughing at her. Yet deep inside, a knot of disquiet ties up in her. Justin won’t marry Caroline – but other things will happen, and they will make Plum’s life, and Plum will have little choise about some of them, and no choice at all in many.

Maureen and Justin’s secret relationship is revealed to Plum and her horror of abandonment, of deep shame and loss, the feeling of having been used is possibly more deeply felt than the needles through partially numb ears. Plum turns her experience of cruelty onto Maureen, knowing what words are going to cut her the deepest, how to serve the harshest blow. There is an undeveloped suggestion that there is something deeper and more disturbing driving Maureen’s deceit – why, after being rejected by her younger lover, does she calmly inform his sister of their relationship?, letting her know of the plans that Justin had never really committed to? It seems that Maureen truly believes in what she is telling Plum, believes that if she tells someone else, it is all the more likely to happen despite what reality suggests. While Plum has her brothers to comfort and support her and their acts of selfless love to restore her faith in people, Maureen is ultimately left alone with her child, who is constantly calling for his forever absent father. It’s a heartbreaking image to end a novel on, but the full weight of Maureen’s plight is never the primary concern of Butterfly.

The writing in Butterfly is deliciously rich, the imagery reminded me of a toned down Francesca Lia Block, with a similar idea of the adolescent girl as a mythological creature. Hartnett is so acutely aware of the growing pains and insecurities of that particular juncture of life, Butterfly will induce cringes of recognition for those of us who have been there.

Hoax Nation: Australian Fakes and Frauds from Plato to Norma Khouri by Simon Caterson (2009)

Hoax Nation: Australian Fakes and Frauds from Plato to Norma Khouri (2009)Hoax Nation: Australian Fakes and Frauds from Plato to Norma Khouri is a refreshingly different look at the variety of hoaxes perpetrated throughout the annals of Australian history. Rather than recount our colourful history through the usual method of what we have deem truth, Simon Caterson takes a look at the events, publications, and cultural ephemera that were discovered to be elaborate hoaxes. As the subtitle suggests, the history of Australia has always been marked by misunderstandings and falsified accounts, and Caterson relishes in reviving these historical deceptions. A selection of quotations from everyone from Marcel Proust to Matt Damon on the art of the lie or the fallibility of truth adds an extra dimension to the work.

What I appreciated about Hoax Nation was the breadth of topics covered, however the limitations of space in Arcade’s signature small sized books meant that some foundational information was left out, leaving this particularly ignorant reader to seek out more about the Ern Malley affair and Bodyline scandal in order to better understand the hoaxed material related to them. Nonetheless, Hoax Nation works as a brilliant starting point for the reverse side of the official Australian history. Covering the famous literary hoaxes of Norma Khouri and Helen Demidenko which played to cultural perceptions and caused debate about the accountability of publishers, it seems that for every hoax that was executed for fame, fortune and glory, there were many that worked on a multitude of levels.

It certainly seems as though hoaxes originate in response to a demand, or are created to fill a perceived gap in culture (in the 1980s and 90s there’s little doubt the advent of multiculturalism coincided with a proliferation of ethnic and indigenous identity frauds in the arts, especially literature – impostors, in particular, flourish when we regard the background and identity of the singer as being as important as the song). And in the heat of the battle, whether the conflict is over politics, culture, history, science or religion, truth is often the first casualty and hoaxes can appear on any side.

While many of the hoaxes seem to have been carried out for the sheer joy of mischief, many including the curious case of George Barrington, appear to have been committed for more politically motivated reasons. A pickpocket sent to the convict colony of Australia in the late 18th century, a number of best-selling books telling of the imagined life in the new colony were published under Barrington’s name. Known as something of a celebrity criminal in England, the move to Australia saw Barrington eventually become a police superintendent, and supposedly, halt a potential mutiny on the journey over. Largely plagiarized from other sources – and yet still quoted today as legitimate historical sources! – there is little to suggest that Barrington actually wrote the stories. Nonetheless, the books not only whet the appetite for tales from Australia and narratives of convict life, but also as proof, as it were, that criminal reformation in the antipodes was a successful endeavour.

Hoax Nation: Australian Fakes and Frauds from Plato to Norma Khouri features a wide array of hoaxes – from art, literature, fauna, landscape, and Australian legends – bursting with fascination and a salute to the numerous bullshit artists who have peppered our history with intrigue and humour. Not always merely for the fun of deception, many of these hoaxes force us to ask important questions about identity, about authenticity and about our preconceived cultural perceptions.

[Disclaimer: publisher supplied copy, with thanks to the team at Arcade Publications. For my reviews of other Arcade titles, please see: Madame Brussels: This Moral Pandemonium, E.W. Cole: Chasing the Rainbow and Our Girls: Aussie Pin-Ups of the 40s and 50s.]

Hey! Nietzsche! Leave Them Kids Alone!: The Romantic Movement, Rock & Roll, and the End of Civilisation as We Know It by Craig Schuftan (2009)

Hey! Nietzsche! Leave Them Kids Alone!: The Romantic Movement, Rock & Roll, and the End of Civilization as We Know It by Craig Schuftan (2009)Craig Schuftan’s Hey! Nietzsche! Leave Them Kids Alone!: The Romantic Movement, Rock & Roll, and the End of Civilisation as We Know It is not only a great title for a book, but an absorbing study of the connections between modern pop music and its relationship with artistic traditions stretching back some two hundred years. Inspired by his attraction to the grandiose My Chemical Romance song (hey, stay with me now) “Welcome to the Black Parade”, Schuftan sets out to discover why this song hit such a nerve with him and thousands of music fans around the world. Schuftan digs through history to find the common ground between the Romantic poets of the 19th century, and modern pop punk music, and what emerges is an outline of why many of us find music such a powerful relay of emotion and solidarity.

Gerard Way has found that society, the real world, adult life-whatever you want to call it-cannot provide him with happiness or satisfaction. So he’s moved the search for happiness from outside to inside, and has found it, deep within himself, in his own dreams, his own imagination. This is what puts the romance in My Chemical Romance–the rejection of society in favour of the individual.

While Schuftan begins and ends with a focus on the lyrical and subcultural aspects of My Chemical Romance, he draws on a wealth of other cultural acts, from David Bowie to Saves the Day, Frankenstein to Edward Scissorhands, Wordsworth to the Dadaists. Using this collage technique, he manages to continually keep the reader interested as he moves swiftly from one to another, but brings each point of his argument together in a truly engaging manner. Whether he is citing a goth influenced pop punk band or a revered philosopher from the 19th century, all are treated with equal respect and importance, without the high art/low art distinction invoked.

As we contemplate art, we are able to see life–with all its striving and willing–in a detached, aesthetic way. We are freed, briefly, from the desiring that takes up so much of our time, and leaves us so unsatisfied, as we look at life from the artist’s point of view. In this way, the suffering of the world becomes bearable, and art, according to Schopenhauer, becomes our most important consolation for the pain of life.

Schuftan draws some startlingly accurate parallels, for one example, between Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s rejection of The Sorrows of Young Werther and the cult like following it inspired, and Rivers Cuomo’s rejection of the rapt devotion Weezer’s Pinkerton inspires. The way that Schuftan so subtly suggests the likeness between two cultural events leads into his premise that culture is always building upon itself, we are constantly moving backwards in order to move forwards; hinting, without saying as much, toward postmodernism in art and how audiences derive meaning from it. Not only that, but that the constant revival of cultural traditions can suggest similar social contexts, a reaction toward something unsettling within society – Enlightenment and reason for the Romantics; mass consumerism and denial of self expression in contemporary pop punk music.

Hey! Nietzsche! Leave Them Kids Alone! sometimes comes across as on overzealous paean to My Chemical Romance, for the most part it reads like a lecture given by someone who can manage to meld the material you’re supposed to be learning about with the things you know in order to bring you to a greater understanding of both.

[The Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Fora.tv has a really good hour long video of Craig Schuftan and Zan Rowe discussing his book. Most of the basic concepts of his argument are outlined here.]