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Butterfly by Sonya Hartnett (2009)

Butterfly by Sonya Hartnett (2009)Plum Coyle is nearing fourteen, on the cusp of adolescence and experiencing all the physical awkwardness and turbulent emotions we associate with that age. She becomes friends with the beautiful, married woman next door, Maureen Wilks, who is also having an affair with Plum’s oldest and cherished brother, Justin. Maureen treats Plum with the respect she believes she deserves, listens to and understands her teenage complaints, compliments her, makes her feel safe and wanted. Her family, her parents and her two older brothers, share a sense of unspoken melancholy, a sadness that Plum longs to avoid. The family relationships – especially between Plum and her brothers Justin and Cydar – are so well-written, full of the playful teasings and silent affection. Justin and Cydar are great characters, I would have loved to know more about them – especially the mysterious, perpetually stoned brother Cydar – but essentially Butterfly is Plum’s story.

Plum Coyle has never been very happy with herself – she’s chumpish and she’s awkward and there’s something else wrong about her, some objectionable streak to her nature which means she’ll never be popular, things will go askew, she’ll frequently be misinterpreted. In her heart there are many admirable things, but it’s hard for these to wriggle through her thick skin of obtuseness. She’s tried and tried to be, for the world, the person she knows herself to be. She can’t do it though, it’s impossible. Time and again, that good person gets twisted about, or goes unrecognized. It’s exhausting, and it hurts.

Sonya Hartnett’s language is so evocative and precise, the dreamy imagery never straying too far from grounded reality. The friendship between Plum and her friends, their schoolyard gossiping and subtle actions are filtered through Plum’s understanding of them, there is meaning in their small gestures. Eventually these gestures become the grotesque and unsubtle cruelties of young girls at war with each other. The ear-piercing saga and her friends willingness to inflict physical pain on Plum is painful to read. Maureen, as always, is on hand to soothe Plum, offering the guidance of an adult while at the same time the close female friendship that Plum desires. At Plum’s fourteenth birthday party, the friends (and the reader) discover the totemic items Plum worships and uses for strength, trinkets and their stories having been stolen from the other girls. They shun her, deserting Plum to her shame. She steals these useless objects in order to feel closer to the girls, while knowing that she doesn’t like them much – the crux of her schoolyard friendships being the desire to belong. That is what Hartnett taps into so well with her writing in Butterfly, that unrelentingly painful need to belong, the search for a place to fit.

The words force the friends to the floor, six dissolving witches. They laugh because they’re sure they know everything able to be known and life holds no further mystery for them, not even about things they haven’t yet known and will not know for years – first touch, first defeat, nights shared, days forgotten, mistakes made, words unsaid, the saying of too many words. The heaviness of success, the grey valleys of loss, the clay feet of love, the greediness of time. Plum laughs because she can, it is so extremely funny; and because when they’re laughing at Caroline they are not laughing at her. Yet deep inside, a knot of disquiet ties up in her. Justin won’t marry Caroline – but other things will happen, and they will make Plum’s life, and Plum will have little choise about some of them, and no choice at all in many.

Maureen and Justin’s secret relationship is revealed to Plum and her horror of abandonment, of deep shame and loss, the feeling of having been used is possibly more deeply felt than the needles through partially numb ears. Plum turns her experience of cruelty onto Maureen, knowing what words are going to cut her the deepest, how to serve the harshest blow. There is an undeveloped suggestion that there is something deeper and more disturbing driving Maureen’s deceit – why, after being rejected by her younger lover, does she calmly inform his sister of their relationship?, letting her know of the plans that Justin had never really committed to? It seems that Maureen truly believes in what she is telling Plum, believes that if she tells someone else, it is all the more likely to happen despite what reality suggests. While Plum has her brothers to comfort and support her and their acts of selfless love to restore her faith in people, Maureen is ultimately left alone with her child, who is constantly calling for his forever absent father. It’s a heartbreaking image to end a novel on, but the full weight of Maureen’s plight is never the primary concern of Butterfly.

The writing in Butterfly is deliciously rich, the imagery reminded me of a toned down Francesca Lia Block, with a similar idea of the adolescent girl as a mythological creature. Hartnett is so acutely aware of the growing pains and insecurities of that particular juncture of life, Butterfly will induce cringes of recognition for those of us who have been there.

Will Grayson, Will Grayson by John Green and David Levithan (2010)

Will Grayson, Will Grayson by John Green and David Levithan (2010)I’ve been in the news a bit lately. Well, sort of. A young lass with the same name as me has attempted to become the world’s youngest person to sail unassisted around the globe. Imagine if our paths crossed, the socially awkward, bookish J.W. and the seafaring prodigy J.W: hilarity and valuable life lessons, I’m sure, would ensue. Basically, this is the concept behind John Green and David Levithan‘s collaborative novel, Will Grayson, Will Grayson. Two young men, both of them named, you’ll never guess, Will Grayson, are slightly troubled and questioning kids whose lives intersect by chance one evening in Chicago in a porn store called Frenchy’s. Lives are changed, and lessons are learned; and all of it is told in the characteristically hilarious and touching writing of John Green and David Levithan. Together they manage to make teenaged characters into the kind of teenager you wish you had been at that age, smart and funny, yet endearingly clueless about the intricacies of life and love.

Will Grayson 1 lives by a rule which has never failed him yet: don’t care about anything and just shut up. Essentially, this is his way of protecting himself from getting hurt. His best friend, the three hundred pound, musical loving, openly gay Tiny Cooper is the centre of his universe. In Tiny Cooper, Green has written another fantastic best friend character, whining and self-centred as he may be, he’s also laugh out loud hilarious. Enter a burgeoning relationship with possibly gay Jane, a best friend who is writing a musical about his fabulous self, and Will 1 finds his tried and true method of getting by beginning to falter.

“NO. No no no. I don’t want to screw you. I just love you. When did who you want to screw become the whole game? Since when is the person you want to screw the only person you get to love? It’s so stupid, Tiny! I mean, Jesus, who even gives a fuck about sex?! People act like it’s the most important thing humans do, but come on. How can our sentient fucking lives revolve around something slugs can do. I mean, who you want to screw and whether you screw them? Those are important questions, I guess. But they’re not that important. You know what’s important? Who would you die for? Who do you wake up at five forty-five in the morning for even though you don’t even know why he needs you? Whose drunken nose would you pick?!”

Will Grayson 2 is a little harder to love, depressed, angry, cruel – he shuts everyone out in the most abrupt manner. He’s fending off a not-really-friend’s unwanted attention, dealing with his father’s absense, his rampant depression, his sexuality and retreating into the haven of an online relationship with Isaac. This Will is much harder to connect with as his reluctance to reveal himself to his peers and family also extends to the reader. However, as his life begins to change through a chance encounter with Will Grayson 1, he becomes not altogether likable – this could be a case of hitting too close to home though – but we can understand the why he acts the way he does.

she asks me if i took my pills before i ran off this morning and i tell her, yeah, wouldn’t i be drowning myself in the bathtub if i hadn’t? she doesn’t like that, so i’m all like ‘joke, joke’ and i make a mental note that moms aren’t the best audience for medication humor. i decide not to get her that world’s greatest mom of a depressive fuckup sweatshirt for mother’s day like i’d been planning. (okay, there’s not really a sweatshirt like that, but if there was, it would have kittens on it, putting their paws in sockets.)

As the two Will Graysons meet, relationships blossom, lives and attitudes change and an epic musical is written and performed. Adolescent relationships and friendships are dealt with all the emotional seriousness they are felt with at that age, and the wealth of pop-cultural references and sassy dialogue prevent things from ever getting too heavy. Will Grayson, Will Grayson is a fun read from two well established young adult authors, and the quirky hijinks and supporting characters make it a vibrant look at adolescence.

Book Loot: Week Ending April 25th, 2010

by Charles Dana GibsonThis week I’ve decided that I want to complete my collection of F. Scott Fitzgerald novels and short stories. Not only have I decided I want to complete my collection, but seeing as the two novels are of a similar design, I want my entire collection of Fitzgerald’s to be from this particular printing from the mid-1970s. Bless eBay and Abebooks1.  Does anyone else get like this? It doesn’t even make sense because my books aren’t properly shelved, so it’s not as though they’ll look pretty lined up together on a shelf. Crazy. I really don’t understand it, but even thinking about buying the same title from a different printing seems completely impossible. Thank God I don’t get like this with every book I buy, it’s rather stressful.

Less than a week until Clunes! To keep you happily distracted while I work out my game plan (seriously, what would be the ideal method for carrying my new books around – I’ve considered getting one of those granny shopping carts and pimping it up a bit! That’d be so badass, even if I was the only one that thought so.) for next weekend:

“When the private world of reading and the public world of performance mesh happily, all parties benefit: musicians appearing cerebral, writers appearing hip, readers and listeners feeling smart.”

  • A romantic look at the independent bookstore in the digital age, some of the reasons put forward here are the same that were espoused upon the emergence of digital music versus record stores; comments like this:

“Independent bookstores remain a sensual and social experience that will be tough to replace. Going to a bookstore is as much about physically browsing. As smart as Amazon’s ‘Customer’s Who Bought This Item Also Bought’ metadata is, it’s no replacement for mooching around the fiction section and skimming novels yourself. Or the serendipitous eye-catching of a face-out cover or flipping through several books without laggy downloads.”

  • are eerily similar to what we were saying about the physical aspects of music less than ten years ago, you know, incessant whining about cover art and whatnot. While I agree with the sentiment, ignoring the realities and implications of a changing business landscape isn’t going to help the future of the physical bookstore.
  • The Miles Franklin Award shortlist was announced during the week (almost tempted to try and read all of the nominated novels, I’m still contemplating it.) and Alex Miller had a few choice words to say about the lack of relevance of the literary award.

1 Speaking of Abebooks, do you think of it as Abe, as in Abe Simpson, Abe Lincoln, and all those other famous Abes; or A.B.E.? I’ve always thought of it as Abe, but I was speaking to a more experienced bookseller this week and he referred to it as A.B.E. and my whole world fell apart. But, then I got to talk at length to a little kid about the upcoming Iron Man film and then I was okay again.

Beautiful Malice by Rebecca James (2010)

Beautiful Malice by Rebecca James (2010)Working in a bookstore it has been difficult to avoid the hype surrounding Rebecca James’ novel Beautiful Malice. First the subject of a furious publisher bidding war, then heralded to booksellers as the next big thing in young adult literature, we’ve been promoting the hell out of this book for months. When the library called me saying a copy was ready to pick up weeks before the release date, I was pleased, I’d be able to read it in plenty of time before it arrived in stores. Here’s the thing about hype: it’s a commercial construct, it’s created for the sole purpose of making us pick up, and hopefully buy, a book that we might not otherwise even look at. If the hype surrounding a cultural product is not created organically, through word of mouth, from the readers, participants, audience, it seems to be without foundation. A few acknowledgements of my own limitations first: I recognize I’m not the target audience for this book, being older and more jaded than the young adult age bracket, and I’m not overly familiar with the psychological thriller genre.

I’ve heard that charming, powerful people have the knack of making you feel as though you’re the only person in the world and now I know exactly what that means. I’m not quite sure what she does, or how she does it – another person would have come across as overly eager, obsequious even – but when Alice gives me her attention like that, I feel golden, warm with the certainty I’m fully understood.

Katherine has moved to Sydney following a terrible family tragedy involving her younger sister Rachel. Quietly studious in her new surroundings, she is befriended by the wild and vivacious Alice and drawn in to her circle of friends while struggling with her guilty conscience over her past. The novel shifts between multiple points in time, Katherine after-Alice and with a young child, younger Katherine with her sister Rachel and the hours leading up to the shocking event and Katherine as she adjusts to her new friendship and coming to terms with the past. To reveal too much is to spoil what pleasure the novel holds, some of the twists are overly foreshadowed, while some, are completely unexpected. Much of the first half of the novel is drawing attention and hinting toward what revelations are to come and the deliberate vagueness becomes tedious after a while. The relationship between Alice, Katherine and Alice’s on/off again lover Robbie is nicely drawn out, as they each confide in each other about the trauma of their pasts. There is the intimation that something is not quite right with Alice, as her moods and attitude rapidly and unpredictably change on her close friends.

I nod agreeably and smile and let Philippa think that she has made me feel better, that she’s said something I haven’t heard before. The trouble with words is that no matter how much sense they make in theory, they can’t change what you feel inside. And what I’m starting to understand is that there is no real end to this, there can be no complete absolution. Rachel’s death and my own part in it is something I’m going to have to live with. The best I can hope for is that I can learn to forgive myself for being a less-than-perfect sister.

Much of the potential power of Beautiful Malice hinges on the tension between the past and the present, and the dark secrets that have lasting consequences for their keepers. Sometimes, particularly when Katherine falls in love – an occurence which isn’t dealt with the same warmth or degree of detail that the friendships are – the tension disappears completely. We’re still vaguely aware of the troubles to come, but the pacing feels a little off here. The tension picks up again as Alice’s levels of crazy skyrocket and her attempts to sabotage Katherine’s life become more extreme, although perhaps the denouement could have felt much more intense if we hadn’t already been warned of the deaths of two major characters.

I’m a bit conflicted about this one. I wanted to like it, and I found it a mildly entertaining novel that lacked a certain intensity that I was, from the publisher created hype, expecting. And that’s the danger with hype, the combination of publicity efforts and reader anticipation can all too often create expectations that are impossible to reach.

Book Loot: Week Ending April 18th, 2010

This Year's Summer ReadingI know! I said I wouldn’t be buying any books until Clunes, but as luck would have it I found myself in a secondhand bookstore this week. Thinking I wouldn’t find anything I would want to buy, just intending to have a browse around and waste some time – I’m really good at self deception, it would seem – but found a few books that begged to be bought home with me.

My Mum returned from the U.S.A. this week and she brought with her a bounty of gifts, including the Tintin and Capone books above. The Capone book looks really fascinating, stuffed with actual documents from the gangster’s time at Alcatraz. She also visited the set of Gilmore Girls at Warner Brothers Studio, which was exciting enough when she was telling me all about it, but then she pulled out a t-shirt with the logo for Luke’s Diner on it – I may have cried a little bit. As well as all this, she took a passing snapshot of the famous City Lights bookstore in San Francisco for me, what a champ!

It’s been a really strange week. Two bouts of sickness that hit me out of nowhere, and a major computer malfunction thanks to Microsoft which meant I had to completely reinstall Windows and reformat everything. Luckily nothing was lost, but it was still a bit of a pain. The week wasn’t all bad news though, I found out that I’m going to be getting more hours and new responsibilities at the bookstore from next week. Always good, and hopefully it means a big paycheck due just in time for Clunes.

[image credit: "This Year's Summer Reading" by flickr user ephemera assemblyman]

Miss Lonelyhearts by Nathanael West (1933)

Miss Lonelyhearts by Nathanael West (1933)Miss Lonelyhearts is the agony aunt columnist of a newspaper, a joke to his boss, his co-workers, and mostly to himself. A barely functioning alcoholic, he aligns himself, due to his boss’ sarcastic rantings or his own self delusion, with the figure of Christ. He takes on the sufferings of the barely literate people who write to him seeking moral and spiritual guidance, but isn’t equipped to deal with the magnitude of this self-imposed responsibility. Unable to deal with the suffering, the pain and the widespread confusion and fear, Miss Lonelyhearts sinks deeper into a hallucinatory state of despair and confusion.

Miss Lonelyhearts is, clearly, not lighthearted fare. The letters Miss Lonelyhearts receives are horrifying, even today: a woman forced to provide child after child for her husband despite the great pain childbirth inflicts upon her body, a teenaged girl wonders what she has done to deserve her fate to be born without a nose – her father tells her she is paying for the sins of a past life, the sister of a disabled girl who has been raped seeks Miss Lonelyhearts’ advice. Through the careful misspellings and poor grammar of the letters, West shows us how desperate these people are. Their guidance cannot come from education, religion offers them nothing. Miss Lonelyhearts believes that salvation through Christ is the answer, but the very thought makes him ill, and eager to avoid the tauntings of his boss Shrike who compares him endlessly to the son of God.

He sat in the window thinking. Man has a tropism for order. Keys in one pocket, change in another. Mondolins are tuned G D A E. The physical world has a tropism for disorder, entropy. Man against Nature . . . the battle of the centuries. Keys yearn to mix with change. Mandolins strive to get out of tune. Every order has within it the germ of destruction. All order is doomed, yet the battle is worth while.

Like The Dream Life of Balso Snell, Miss Lonelyhearts drifts between waking life and the main characters’ often violent dreams with religious undertones. It is an interesting technique that becomes more pronounced as Miss Lonelyhearts is driven deeper into his religious hysteria. He attempts to sleep with his Shrike’s wife, tries to rekindle his relationship with his ex-fiancée, Betty, and meets with a woman, Mrs. Doyle, who is married to an older crippled man who has written in to Miss Lonelyhearts. He also comes into contact with Mrs. Doyle’s crippled husband and is invited into their home as something of a warped marriage counsellor. A failed attempt at seduction on her part leads to an accusation of rape and a confrontation with the cripple which, as the bleak tone of the story would have it, doesn’t end well for the troubled Miss Lonelyhearts.

Prodded by his conscience, he began to generalize. Men have always fought their misery with dreams. Although dreams were once powerful, they have been made puerile by the movies, radio and newspapers. Among many betrayals, this one is the worst.

The most poignant theme of Miss Lonelyhearts seems to be why does suffering exist and why are we so ill-equipped to deal with it? The more religious themes go over my head, thanks to my secular upbringing, but the suffering West speaks of is universal. Ultimately, the failure of all outlets – religion, sex, love, pastoral living, alcohol – sends Miss Lonelyhearts into a frenzy of madness, offering the reader no hope and no redemption. Miss Lonelyhearts is bleak, despondent, with comedy blacker than the sky on a moonless night (thanks Special Agent Cooper), but not detestably so. It’s difficult, after saying all this, to explain exactly why I enjoyed it – possibly for its brutal look at the world, a refusal to sugarcoat existence – but I didn’t close Miss Lonelyhearts feeling utterly dejected.

The Dream Life of Balso Snell by Nathanael West (1931)

The Dream Life of Balso Snell by Nathanael West (1931)Nathanael West’s first published novel, though at just under 100 pages it is more of a novella, The Dream Life of Balso Snell is a strange trip. In it, Balso Snell happens upon a Trojan horse outside of Troy, and after a brief examination, enters the horse through its backside. Inside the horse he finds another world, brimming with strange folk with even stranger tales to tell. A mystic writing a biography of a flea that lived in Christ’s armpit. A twelve year old boy who in a journal takes on attributes of Dostoyevsky’s Raskolnikov in order to impress his English teacher with a thing for Russian literature. A beautiful young woman bathing suddenly transforms into a mannish middle-aged woman upon Balso’s embrace.

The wooden horse, Balso realized as he walked on, was inhabited solely by writers in search of an audience, and he was determined not to be tricked into listening to another story. If one had to be told, he would tell it.

And within this dream inside a horse, Balso himself rests in a café and dreams of a disfigured woman who makes him read letters addressed to her from an ex-lover reasoning his abandonment of her, in which he takes great delight in detailing the suicide that would have inevitably followed should they have remained together. Awakening from the dream, Balso learns from Miss McGeeney, the boy’s English teacher and the woman he found himself embracing, that the letters are a part of a novel she is writing. Falling in love, Balso speaks at length about sex and relationships to her, only to be rejected upon his attempt to consummate their relationship. She yields to his pressures, and at the point of orgasm, the novella ends with Balso in relief.

You once said to me that I talk like a man in a book. I not only talk, but think and feel like one. I have spent my life in books; literature has deeply dyed my brain its own color. This literary coloring is a protective one –like the brown of the rabbit or the checks of the quail–making it impossible for me to tell where literature ends and I begin.

Hopefully you can gather from this briefest of outlines the supreme weirdness of The Dream Life of Balso Snell. It’s surreal, funny, joyfully scatological and grotesque. Though the setting would suggest historical fiction, rather the dream life is an ahistorical plane, where Ancient Greece mixes with Shakespeare and the contemporary poets of West’s day. And while the novella drew me in with it’s odd landscapes and characters, I’m not too sure what the point, if any, of it is. What is West trying to say, especially about the act of storytelling? That truth is always unstable and dependent on motives, that our dream lives offer the most confused and complete image of ourselves? I enjoyed The Dream Life of Balso Snell as a ribald comedy but I can’t help but feel there is a deeper subtext here that I’m missing.

[If you're so intrigued, The Dream Life of Balso Snell is available to read online. If you do, please let me know your thoughts.]

Book Loot: Week Ending April 11th, 2010

Still no loot to report, still saving for Clunes in a few weeks. I’m currently reading the complete works of Nathanael West, still intimidated by the looming giant of William Faulkner. Volume One of his collected novels sits on my desk, a young Willy staring at me as though trying to lure me in. I think what has put me off is a scathing review of his first novel Soldier’s Pay on LibraryThing. So I picked up The Day of the Locust on a whim, and upon finding out that his literary output was so slim, have begun the project of reading all of Nathanael West’s short novels. At least it is still in tune with my goal of reading the complete works of authors.

Next week I’ll be seeing Henry Rollins in Melbourne, which I’m very excited about. A battered copy of the Portable Henry Rollins got me through much of my university years. I saw him do his spoken word thing a few years ago, and it was such a riot; funny, though-provoking, unapologetic about his anger. Definitely looking forward to seeing him again, and it feels like I’m in the right headspace for it too. Also I’ll be seeing the Mountain Goats next week, who were featured in John Green’s Paper Towns [review here], which is perhaps a tenuous literary link, but a literary link nonetheless!

I don’t even have a list of links to share this week, but I did come across these very cute retro library posters, so hopefully they’ll be enough for you to forgive my slackness.

Fiction - Retro Library Poster by flickr user vblibrary

Nonfiction Retro Library Poster by flickr user vblibrary

[Image credits: flickr user VB library, and be sure to check out their amazing set of 1960s library posters.]

Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture by Douglas Coupland (1991)

Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture by Douglas Coupland (1991)Whenever I feel myself succumbing to dangerous levels of loathing and doubt, burnt out by all the culture offered up so graciously to me as a target market, I reach for the old favourites, the comfort reads. In doing this, however, there is always a hidden anxiety: what if we’ve grown apart? What if the changes of the years apart have caused irreperable damage to our relationship? What if we just don’t click like we used to? I first read Generation X in my first year of university, gleeful at the contents of the multiple university libraries which had so many books I’d always wanted to read but local and school libraries never stocked. I don’t exactly recall my initial reaction, but I’ve since devoured everything else Douglas Coupland has written, so I imagine it must have been fairly positive. So, I dug out my copy of the neon pink covered Generation X and, despite the fear and possibility of disappointment, got stuck into it.

The carapace of coolness is too much for Claire, also. She breaks the silence by saying that it’s not healthy to live our life as a succession of isolated little cool moments. “Either our lives become stories, or there’s just no way to get through them.”
I agree. Dag agrees. We know that this is why the three of us left our lives behind us and came to the desert – to tell stories and to make our lives worthwhile tales in the process.

I’m not sure if back in 2003 I quite would have appreciated the blunt truths offered in Coupland’s novel, those moments of acidic humour that cut to the core of post-war Western consumer existence. Let’s face it, I was eighteen with the whole world ahead of me and still believed I was on the cusp of immersing myself in a world of thoughts and ideas that would open up numerous opportunities that I couldn’t even fathom. Uh, yeah. But now, with most (oh my god) of my twenties behind me, I come to Generation X with a different perspective, from the point where you’re no longer “the youth” anymore, and a new generation is fast usurping your own (which you never quite felt apart of anyway), and you realize that although you’re supposed to be an adult, you have no fucking idea what you’re supposed to be doing.

And for this particularly knotty stage of life, Generation X is perfect. Admittedly, there are some differences between the generation of the characters of the novel and my own – theirs is a landscape noticeably untouched by the internet, although the comic frames and neologisms within the text do point toward that sort of multi-textuality that we’d become used to with the growth of the internet; and if this is an accelerated culture, what can we say about ours, hyper-acceleration? (an issue Coupland would expand upon in 2009′s Generation A) – but the general sense of distrust of consumer culture, of apathy and exhaustion, of alienation and of the unknown, still resonates strongly, perhaps the byproduct of mid-twenties malaise no matter the generational setting. Here there is the pleasure of small recognitions of self and experience which legitimize those experiences and perceptions, or at the very least, offer the consolation that you are not alone in sensing the strangeness, the contradictory and the futile.

But I get this feeling–
It is a feeling that our emotions, while wonderful, are transpiring in a vacuum, and I think it boils down to the fact that we’re middle class.
You see, when you’re middle class, you have to live with the fact that history will ignore you. You have to live with the fact that history can never champion your causes and that history will never feel sorry for you. It is the price that is paid for day-to-day comfort and silence. And because of this price, all happinesses are sterile; all sadnesses go unpitied.
And any small moment of intense, flaring beauty such as this morning’s will be utterly forgotten, dissolved by time like a super-8 film left out in the rain, without sound, and quickly replaced by thousands of silently growing trees.

Okay, so that’s all my guts spewed up in words for all to see, but what about the actual novel? Generation X features three twenty-somethings, Andy, Dag and Claire, who have removed themselves from their peers and their expectations to work menial jobs in California, where they tell stories to each other, revealing truths about themselves and their lives through fiction and an extensive frame of cultural reference and understanding, in this way being able to openly speak about and simultaneously cover up the unspeakable fears they hold about where their lives are headed. It’s not all doom and generational gloom, but it’s also sharp and funny. While Generation X hails the power of stories and fiction to give us control over our lives, I wonder whether the search for our own narrative is also the very thing that entangles us with this distinct anxiety and alienation, especially when our narratives don’t measure up to those we see in film, television, literature, internet, other people?

What have I learned from this rereading experience? That Generation X and I have not grown apart, nor are we disgusted by our slight changes over time, but that we are closer than ever, a sort of book and reader eclipse in which our stories begin to overlap. It may not always be this way, we’ve both got a lot of changing to do yet, but for now, the pages between these blindingly neon covers are of the greatest comfort.

Pop: Truth and Power at the Coca-Cola Company by Constance L. Hays (2004)

Pop: Truth and Power at the Coca-Cola Company by Constance L. Hays (2004)With the release of the iPad and the growing popularity of the Kindle, Nook and other e-reading devices, a few outlets such as The New York Times and Meanjin are contemplating the fate of the book cover. Not only do they act as the outward display of our undeniably exquisite reading tastes (or something to be bent back to hide what we’re reading from prying eyes, should our tastes lapse ever so slightly), but they can draw us toward a book that we wouldn’t otherwise pick up. Such is the case with Constance L. Hays’ Pop: Truth and Power at the Coca-Cola Company. Some savvy librarian had placed the book on a display shelf at the end of the 300s, and myself, unable to resist a pup looking sadly hopeful at a rosy cheeked woman and her old-fashioned bottle of Coke held daintily in gloved hands, took it home.

One Wall Street analyst liked to describe Coke and Pepsi in terms of two diametrically opposed college students: Coke was the studious one, the one who was always in the library and aced his exams. Pepsi, meanwhile, was the fraternity brother who lived to socialize, studying just enough to get by and occasionally surprising himself by doing very well – often enough to make him believe that his approach worked just fine. In product development, in marketing, and in overall strategy, throughout all the years of their competitive relationship, Coke had been the diligent one and Pepsi’s record had been hit-or-miss. By 1997, when Goizueta died, analysts all believed fervently in Coke, that Coke could do no wrong, while Pepsi was regarded as a joke.

I expected, or wanted perhaps, an overview of the cultural and historical impact of Coca-Cola. Pop does cover some of this ground, but for the most part it is an insight into the fraught business of Coca-Cola, from the turbulent relationship between the company and the bottlers, to internal politics, to stock options and stock prices and aggressive marketing campaigns. I’m not exactly what one could call business-minded, but Hays tells the story of the intense business of selling Coca-Cola in a way that makes it accessible to readers. The numerous chief executive officers and their tribulations are told as great overarching narratives that represent the changing world in which Coke existed. Sometimes, it is hard to believe the stories. At one point, Roberto Guizueta the CEO of Coca-Cola from 1980 to 1997, and the man who tried to introduce the world to the infamous New Coke, owned one billion dollars worth of shares. At that stage, the gross national product of his home country of Cuba was ten billion dollars. This is what I don’t really understand about business, how much money is enough? What kind of life would you be living if no amount of money is ever enough? Okay, one of gold-plated cars and money vaults like Scrooge McDuck. The strategic moves made in order to make profit and keep the shareholders are astronomical, such as the dramatic dismissal of Doug Ivester after creating billions of dollars in value to the company and only two years in the top job. And yet, employees were disappointed that Ivester’s business strategy had become solely about “the bottom line.” Although with the severance payouts, I don’t see cause to complain too much, we’re talking double figure millions here.

Thankfully, Pop isn’t all about the business side of Coca-Cola, and interesting tidbits are supplied in abundance by Hays extensive research. Such as the use of Coca-Cola in World War 2, in which it was used as a patriotic symbol through which homesick American soldiers were reminded of home. Between 1941 and 1945, ten billion bottles of Coke were sold to troops; a clever ruse through which to create patriotism and marketing value home and abroad. Prohibitionists displayed concern over the caffeine levels of Coca-Cola from the introduction of the beverage, but little attention is given to the concerns over sugar content that seems to have exploded over the past few years. (A recent article compares excessive soda consumption to tobacco usage.) The New Coke fiasco, basically an attempt by Coca-Cola to undo the damage of the Pepsi Challenge, altered the recipe for Coke and caused widespread outrage among consumers, who rallied and lobbied for the return of the old recipe. Eventually New Coke was scrapped altogether, but the experiment exemplified the cultural significance of Coke, as well as the nostalgia consumers attach to the product; through and after the ordeal, sales of the old recipe soared and stock prices were raised – causing no real or lasting financial damage to the company, though it would be used as an example of what not to do in business.

Pop: Truth and Power at the Coca-Cola Company is packed a wealth of  information about the business of Coca-Cola, from those mentioned above to product recalls, lawsuits charging the company with racial discrimination and the ruthless introduction of the company into foreign markets. Though focused primarily on the business aspect of the company, Pop provides insight into what has made the Coca-Cola Company a dominant strength, not only within the beverage industry, but in the global economy.